Learning Goals & Products

Learning Goals

1

Students will be able to calculate and compare surface area of spheres, prisms, pyramids, and cones in authentic paper-cover design problems to minimize waste, gaps, and overlap.

2

Students will be able to analyze, generate, and justify multiple net-based paper-cut concepts for covering a sphere using measurable criteria and constraints.

3

Students will be able to compare map projections and paper sphere-covering patterns to explain how flattening a curved surface creates distortion and trade-offs.

Products

individual

Sphere Cover Design Notebook with Decision Matrix

Each student creates an engineering notebook that includes at least three distinct paper-cover concepts, annotated sketches, a weighted decision matrix, and a written justification for the best option. The notebook must show original thinking, measurements, and evidence-based reasoning that can feed the team’s final selection.

team

Revised One-Piece Paper Sphere Cover and Exhibition Display Board

Teams build, test, and revise a one-piece paper design that covers a sphere with minimal waste and no overlap, then present it on a display board with evidence of performance and distortion. The final product must show how the team used individual concepts, testing data, and revision notes to improve the prototype.

Rubric
Competency Progression Rubric Competency-first rubric
Category
Learning Goal
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Deeper Learning Competencies
Critical Thinking & Problem Solving
  • I can identify a possible paper pattern for covering a sphere and name some places where the design wastes paper, overlaps, or leaves gaps
  • I can use simple observations from a first mock-up to say whether my idea might work better or worse than another shape’s net.
  • I can test a paper design on a sphere, measure or estimate surface area ideas from familiar shapes, and explain at least one change that could reduce waste or improve fit
  • I can use what I notice about gaps, overlap, and bending to revise part of my plan.
  • I can compare two or more design options using measurements, surface-area reasoning, and evidence from repeated tests to justify which plan covers the sphere more efficiently
  • I can explain how my revisions improved the model and how the shape relates to a matching map projection or other flat pattern.
  • I can independently design, test, and refine a sphere-covering paper model that uses the sheet efficiently with minimal waste, no overlap, and clear evidence-based reasoning
  • I can defend my final choice by connecting geometric measurements, surface area, and map-projection distortion, showing how my solution responds to the problem and improves through critique and revision.
Deeper Learning Competencies
Effective Communication
  • I can share a basic update about my paper-sphere design, listen to my team’s ideas, and answer simple questions about what we tried and what we noticed
  • I can use a few geometry words, measurements, or sketches to show my thinking, even if my explanation is still partial or needs support.
  • I can explain my design choices with some clear details, including how our paper shape uses surface area, where we saw gaps or overlaps, and one revision we made after testing
  • I can speak and write so others can follow my reasoning, and I can connect my model to a matching map projection with some guidance.
  • I can present my final paper sphere cover clearly, using measurements, revision notes, and geometry vocabulary to explain how my team reduced waste and improved fit
  • I can compare my model to a map projection, describe where flattening the sphere creates distortion, and respond to questions with relevant evidence.
  • I can communicate a well-organized, evidence-based explanation of how our one-piece paper design efficiently covers a sphere, why our revisions improved the result, and which map projection most closely matches our cut pattern
  • I can adapt my presentation for the audience, use precise geometric reasoning and measurements, and thoughtfully respond to feedback and questions during the showcase.
Deeper Learning Competencies
Content Expertise
  • I can use given formulas and measurements to identify basic surface area parts of familiar solids and make a simple paper plan for covering a sphere
  • I can name where my design fits, gaps, or overlaps, and I can share one fact about how my paper shape matches the sphere or map projection.
  • I can calculate and compare surface area for my paper design and use measurements from a test wrap to explain how much paper is used efficiently or wasted
  • I can describe, with evidence, how my flat design changes when I revise it and how it begins to resemble a matching map projection.
  • I can independently apply surface area formulas and geometric properties to design, test, and revise a one-piece paper cover that uses paper efficiently with minimal gaps, overlap, and waste
  • I can justify my choices with clear measurements and explain how my design compares to a map projection by pointing out specific distortions and shape changes.
  • I can strategically combine surface area reasoning, geometric modeling, and revision evidence to create and defend a highly efficient sphere-covering design that closely matches an appropriate map projection
  • I can explain why my model works best, analyze distortion in precise mathematical language, and use my calculations and test results to support my conclusions with confidence.
Deeper Learning Competencies
Collaboration
  • I can participate in a team task by sharing ideas, listening to teammates, and helping build a first paper sphere-cover plan
  • I can follow group roles or agreed steps and contribute at least one observation about what fits, overlaps, or wastes paper during our first test.
  • I can work with my team to revise our paper model after feedback by explaining what we noticed, suggesting changes, and helping compare options for reducing gaps, overlap, and waste
  • I can take part in shared decisions and help record how our teamwork supported or slowed our progress.
  • I can collaborate with my team to test, measure, and improve a paper design using evidence from our trials and surface-area reasoning
  • I can respectfully give and receive feedback, divide tasks fairly, and help my group make revisions that improve the fit of the sphere cover and our explanation of design choices.
  • I can lead and sustain collaborative design work by helping my team use evidence, geometry, and revision logs to create an efficient sphere-cover model and a clear display board
  • I can build on teammates’ ideas, resolve problems productively, and help our group present a strong explanation of how our design choices and teamwork supported the final result.